The effect of respiratory physical therapy on the control of the respiratory pattern in a child with bronchial asthma: A case study

Introduction: Bronchial Asthma is a frequent disease in children and young adults, characterized by airway obstruction caused by bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The condition can be cured with the use of bronchodilators or can be treated naturally, by applying Respiratory Physical Therapy (PT) in both cases. 

The purpose of this study  is to evaluate the effect of Respiratory Physical Therapy, through the training of nasal and diaphragmatic breathing through activities.

Method: A 5-year-old boy of Greek origin was treated with Respiratory PT, to reduce symptoms of Bronchial Asthma. Evaluation measurements were carried out before and after the end of the physiotherapeutic Intervention. Questionnaires were used to check asthma exacerbation and body posture. Spirometry was performed to estimate pulmonary volumes and capacities, abdomen and chest circumference were also measured during inhalation and exhalation phases. 24 sessions, lasting 60 minutes each, were performed during 8 weeks period,  through training diaphragmatic and controlled nasal breathing, and Relaxation Techniques. The child and caregiver were trained to apply these techniques at home in a   self-treatment form.

Results:  Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate reduced, Forced Vital Capacity slightly increased after treatment, however, spirometry volumes are not considered as statistically significant (p>0.1). Abdominal breathing circumference while inhaling, increased by 9.75% (mobility of diaphragm increased). Asthma symptom control improved and fatigue during activity reduced.

Conclusion: Respiratory Physical Therapy (PT)   focused on Diaphragmatic Breathing Training, when combined with breathing exercises performed at home, contributes to overall improvement of asthma symptoms. However, research should be conducted in a larger population sample to consolidate findings on the effectiveness of Respiratory Physical Therapy.